{"id":8345,"date":"2023-12-01T05:46:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-01T05:46:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ielts.completesuccess.in\/?p=8345"},"modified":"2023-12-10T09:05:20","modified_gmt":"2023-12-10T09:05:20","slug":"gt-cambridge-16-reading-1-helping-pupils-to-choose-optional-subjects-when-theyre-aged-14-15-what-some-pupils-say","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ielts.completesuccess.in\/index.php\/2023\/12\/01\/gt-cambridge-16-reading-1-helping-pupils-to-choose-optional-subjects-when-theyre-aged-14-15-what-some-pupils-say\/","title":{"rendered":"GT Cambridge 16 – Reading 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Section 1<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>

Read the text below and answer questions 1-6.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Helping pupils to choose optional subjects when they\u2019re aged 14-15: what some pupils say<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

A.<\/strong> Krishnan<\/span>
I\u2019m studying Spanish, because it\u2019s important to learn foreign languages \u2013 and I\u2019m very pleased when I can watch a video in class and understand it. Mr Peckham really pushes us, and offers us extra assignments, to help us improve. That\u2019s good for me, because otherwise I\u2019d be quite lazy.<\/span><\/p>

B.<\/strong> Lucy<\/span>
History is my favourite subject, and it\u2019s fascinating to see how what we learn about the past is relevant to what\u2019s going on in the world now. It\u2019s made me understand much more about politics, for instance. My plan is to study history at university, and maybe go into the diplomatic service, so I can apply a knowledge of history.<\/span><\/p>

C.<\/strong> Mark<\/span>
Thursdays are my favourite days, because that\u2019s when we have computing. It\u2019s the high spot of the week for me \u2013 I love learning how to program. I began when I was about eight, so when I started doing it at school, I didn\u2019t think I\u2019d have any problem with it, but I was quite wrong! When I leave school, I\u2019m going into my family retail business, so sadly I can\u2019t see myself becoming a programmer.<\/span><\/p>

D.<\/strong> Violeta<\/span>
My parents both work in leisure and tourism, and they\u2019ve always talked about their work a lot at home. I find it fascinating. I\u2019m studying it at school, and the teacher is very knowledgeable, though I think we spend too much time listening to her: I\u2019d like to meet more people working in the sector, and learn from their experience.<\/span><\/p>

E.<\/strong> Walid<\/span>
I\u2019ve always been keen on art, so I chose it as an optional subject, though I was afraid the lessons might be a bit dull. I needn\u2019t have worried, though \u2013 our teacher gets us to do lots of fun things, so there\u2019s no risk of getting bored. At the end of the year the class puts on an exhibition for the school, and I\u2019m looking forward to showing some of my work to other people.<\/span><\/p>

Questions 1-6<\/strong><\/span>
Look at the five comments about lessons, A-E. For which comments are the following statements true?<\/span>
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 1-6. NB You may use any letter more than once.<\/span><\/p>

1.<\/strong> This pupil is interested in the subject despite the way it is taught.<\/span>
2.<\/strong> This pupil is hoping to have a career that makes use of the subject.<\/span>
3.<\/strong> This pupil finds the subject harder than they expected.<\/span>
4.<\/strong> This pupil finds the lessons very entertaining.<\/span>
5.<\/strong> This pupil appreciates the benefit of doing challenging work.<\/span>
6.<\/strong> This pupil has realised the connection between two things.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Read the text below and answer questions 7-14.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

It\u2019s almost time for the next Ripton Festival!<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

As usual, the festival will be held in the last weekend of June, this year on Saturday to Monday, 27-29 June. Ever since last year\u2019s festival, the committee has been hard at work to make this year\u2019s the best ever! The theme is Ripton through the ages. Scenes will be acted out showing how the town has developed since it was first established. But there\u2019s also plenty that\u2019s up-to-date, from the latest music to local crafts.<\/span><\/p>

The Craft Fair is a regular part of the festival. Come and meet professional artists, designers and craftsmen and women, who will display their jewellery, paintings, ceramics, and much more. They\u2019ll also take orders, so if you want one of them to make something especially for you, just ask! You\u2019ll get it within a month of the festival ending.<\/span><\/p>

The Saturday barbecue will start at 2 pm and continue until 10 pm, with a bouncy castle for kids. The barbecue will be held in Palmer\u2019s Field, or in the town hall if there\u2019s rain. Book your tickets now, as they always sell out very quickly! Entry for under 16s is free all day; adults can come for free until 6 pm and pay \u00a35 after that. There\u2019ll be live music throughout, with local amateur bands in the afternoon and professional musicians in the evening.<\/span><\/p>

On Sunday we\u2019re delighted to introduce an afternoon of boat races, arranged by the Ripton Rowing Club. The spectator area by the bridge has plenty of room to stand and cheer the boats home, in addition to a number of benches. The winners of the races will be presented with trophies by the mayor of Ripton. All money raised by the festival will go to support the sports clubs in Ripton.<\/span><\/p>

Questions 7-14<\/strong><\/span>
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? In boxes 7-14 on your answer sheet, write<\/span><\/p>

TRUE\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 if the statement agrees with the information<\/span>
FALSE\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0if the statement contradicts the information<\/span>
NOT GIVEN\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0if there is no information on this<\/span><\/p>

7.<\/strong> The festival is held every year.<\/span>
8.<\/strong> This year\u2019s festival focuses on the town\u2019s history.<\/span>
9.<\/strong> Goods displayed in the craft fair are unlike ones found in shops.<\/span>
10.<\/strong> The barbecue will be cancelled if it rains.<\/span>
11.<\/strong> Adults can attend the barbecue at any time without charge.<\/span>
12.<\/strong> Amateur musicians will perform during the whole of the barbecue.<\/span>
13.<\/strong> Seating is available for watching the boat races.<\/span>
14.<\/strong> People attending the festival will be asked to donate some money.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Section 2<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>

Read the text below and answer Questions 15-20.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Reducing injuries on the farm<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

Farms tend to be full of activity. There are always jobs to be done and some tasks require physical manual work. While it is good for people to be active, there are risk factors associated with this, and efforts need to be made to reduce them.<\/span><\/p>

The first risk relates to the carrying of an excessive load or weight. This places undue demands on the spine and can cause permanent damage. Examples of tasks that involve this risk are moving 50-kilogramme fertiliser bags from one site to another or carrying heavy buckets of animal feed around fields. According to the UK Health and Safety Executive, activities such as these \u2018should be avoided at all times\u2019. Their documentation states that other methods should be considered, such as breaking down the load into smaller containers prior to movement or transporting the materials using a tractor or other vehicle. The risk posed by excessive force is made worse if the person lifting is also bending over as this increases pressure on the discs in the back.<\/span><\/p>

If a load is bulky or hard to grasp, such as a lively or agitated animal, it will be more difficult to hold while lifting and carrying. The holder may adopt an awkward posture, which is tiring and increases the risk of injury. Sometimes a load has to be held away from the body because there is a large obstacle in the area and the person lifting needs to be able to see where their feet are going. This results in increased stress on the back; holding a load at arm\u2019s length imposes about five times the stress of a close-to-the-body position. In such cases, handling aids should be purchased that can take the weight off the load and minimise the potential for injury.<\/span><\/p>

Another risk that relates to awkward posture is repetitive bending when carrying out a task. An example might be repairing a gate that has collapsed onto the ground. This type of activity increases the stress on the lower back because the back muscles have to support the weight of the upper body. The farmer should think about whether the job can be performed on a workbench, reducing the need for prolonged awkward posture.<\/span><\/p>

Questions 15-20<\/strong><\/span>
Complete the table below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY<\/strong> from the text.<\/span><\/p>

Risks and how to avoid them<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Risk Factor<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Examples of farm activities<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Risk reduction measures to consider<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Heavy Loads<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Lifting sacks of (15<\/strong>) ________<\/span><\/p>

Carrying food for animals<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Divide into containers that weigh less<\/span><\/p>

Use a vehicle such as a tractor<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Awkward posture<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Lifting a restless (16<\/strong>) __________<\/span><\/p>

Moving something around a big (17<\/strong>) __________<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Buy particular (18<\/strong>) __________ to help with support<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

A lot of (19<\/strong>) __________ while working<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Fixing a fallen (20<\/strong>) __________<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Use a workbench instead<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u00a0<\/p>

Read the text below and answer Questions 21-27.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Good customer service in retail<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

Without customers, your retail business would not exist. It stands to reason, therefore, that how you treat your customers has a direct impact on your profit margins. Some customers just want to browse and not be bothered by sales staff. Try to be sensitive to how much help a customer wants; be proactive in offering help without being annoying. Suggest a product that naturally accompanies what the customer is considering or point out products for which there are special offers, but don\u2019t pressure a customer into buying an item they don\u2019t want.<\/span><\/p>

Build up a comprehensive knowledge of all the products in your shop, including the pros and cons of products that are alike but that have been produced under a range of brand names. If you have run out of a particular item, make sure you know when the next orders are coming in. Negativity can put customers off instantly. If a customer asks a question to which the answer is no\u2019, do not just leave it at that \u2013 follow it with a positive, for example; \u2018we\u2019re expecting more of that product in on Tuesday\u2019.<\/span><\/p>

Meanwhile, if you see a product in the wrong place on a shelf, don\u2019t ignore it \u2014 put it back where it belongs. This attention to presentation keeps the shop tidy, giving the right impression to your customers. Likewise, if you notice a fault with a product, remove it and replace it with another.<\/span><\/p>

When necessary, be discreet. For example, if the customer\u2019s credit card is declined at the till, keep your voice down and enquire about an alternative payment method quietly so that the customer doesn\u2019t feel humiliated. If they experience uncomfortable emotions in your shop, it\u2019s unlikely that they\u2019ll come back.<\/span>
Finally, good manners are probably the most important aspect of dealing with customers. Treat each person with respect at all times, even when you are faced with rudeness. Being discourteous yourself will only add more fuel to the fire.<\/span><\/p>

Build a reputation for polite, helpful staff and you\u2019ll find that customers not only keep giving you their custom, but also tell their friends about you.<\/span><\/p>

Questions 21-27<\/strong><\/span>
Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS<\/strong> from the text for each answer.<\/span><\/p>

21<\/strong>. A __________ approach to selling is fine as long as you do not irritate the customer.<\/span>
22<\/strong>. Recommend additional products and __________ without being too forceful.<\/span>
23<\/strong>. Know how to compare similar products which have different __________<\/span>
24<\/strong>. Avoid __________ by always saying more than \u2018no\u2019.<\/span>
25<\/strong>. Keep an eye on the__________ of goods on the shelves.<\/span>
26<\/strong>. If a customer has problems paying with their __________ handle the problem with care.<\/span>
27<\/strong>. Any __________ from a customer should not affect how you treat them.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Section 3<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>

Read the text below and answer questions 28-40.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Plastic is no longer fantastic<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

A.<\/strong> In 2017, Carlos Ferrando, a Spanish engineer-turned-entrepreneur, saw a piece of art in a museum that profoundly affected him, \u2018What Lies Under\u2019, a photographic composition by Indonesian digital artist Ferdi Rizkiyanto, shows a child crouching by the edge of the ocean and \u2018lifting up\u2019 a wave, to reveal a cluster of assorted plastic waste, from polyethylene bags to water bottles. The artwork, designed to raise public awareness, left Ferrando angry \u2013 and fuelled with entrepreneurial ideas.<\/span><\/p>

B.<\/strong> Ferrando runs a Spanish-based design company, Closca, that produces an ingenious foldable bicycle helmet. But he has now also designed a stylish glass water bottle with a stretchy silicone strap and magnetic closure mechanism that means it can be attached to almost anything, from a bike to a bag to a pushchair handle. The product comes with an app that tells people where they can fill their bottles with water for free.<\/span><\/p>

C.<\/strong> The intention is to persuade people to stop buying water in plastic bottles, thus saving consumers money and reducing the plastic waste piling up in our oceans. \u2018Bottled water is now a $100 billion business, and 81 per cent of the bottles are not recycled. It\u2019s a complete waste \u2013 water is only 1.5 per cent of the price of the bottle!\u2019 Ferrando cries. Indeed, environmentalists estimate that by 2050 there will be more plastic in our oceans than fish and that\u2019s mainly down to such bottles. \u2018We are trying to create a sense that being environmentally sophisticated is a status symbol,\u2019 he adds. \u2018We want people to clip their bottles onto what they are wearing, to show that they are recycling \u2013 and to look cool.\u2019<\/span><\/p>

D.<\/strong> Ferrando\u2019s story is fascinating because it seems like an indicator of something unexpected. Three decades ago, conspicuous consumption \u2013 the purchase of luxuries, such as handbags, shoes, cars, etc. on a lavish scale \u2013 heightened people\u2019s social status. Indeed, the closing decades of the 20th century were a time when it seemed that anything could be turned into a commodity. Hence the fact that water became a consumer item, sold in plastic bottles, instead of just emerging, for free, from a tap.<\/span><\/p>

E.<\/strong> Today, though, conspicuous extravagance no longer seems desirable among consumers. Now, recycling is fashionable \u2013 as is cycling rather than driving. Plastic water bottles have become so common that they do not command status; instead, what many millennials \u2013 young people born in the late 20th century \u2013 prefer to post on social media are \u2018real\u2019 (refillable) bottles or even the once widespread Thermos bottles, Some teenagers currently think that these stainless-steel vacuum-insulated water bottles that are coming back onto the market are ultra \u2018cool\u2019; never mind the fact that they feel oddly out-of-date to anyone over the age of 40 or that teenagers in the 1970s would have avoided ever being seen with one.<\/span><\/p>

F.<\/strong> it is uncertain whether Closca will succeed in its goal. Although its foldable bike helmet is available in some outlets in New York, including the Museum of Modern Art, it can be very hard for any design entrepreneur to really take off in the global mass market, though not as hard as it might have been in the past. If an entrepreneur had wanted to fund a smart invention a few decades ago, he or she would have had to either raise a bank loan, borrow money from a family member or use a credit card. Things have moved on slightly since then.<\/span><\/p>

G.<\/strong> Entrepreneurs are still using the last two options, but some are also tapping into the ever-growing pot of money that is becoming available in the management world for \u2018corporate social responsibility\u2019 (CSR) investments. And then there are other options for those who wish to raise money straight away. Ferrando posted details about his water-bottle venture on a large, recognised platform for funding creative projects. He appealed for people to donate $30,000 of seed money \u2013 the money he needed to get his project going \u2013 and promised to give a bottle to anyone who provided more than $39 in \u2018donations\u2019. If he received the funds, he stated that the company would produce bottles in grey and white; if $60,000 was raised, a multicoloured one would be made. Using this approach, none of the donors has a stake in his idea, nor does he have any debt. Instead, it is almost a pre-sale of the product, in a manner that tests demand in advance and creates a potential crowd of enthusiasts. This old-fashioned community funding with a digital twist is supporting a growing array of projects ranging from films to card games, videos, watches and so on. And, at last count, Closca had raised some $52,838 from 803 backers. Maybe, 20 years from now, it will be the plastic bottle that seems peculiarly old-fashioned.<\/span><\/p>

Questions 28-34<\/strong><\/span>
The text has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 28-34 on your answer sheet.<\/span><\/p>

List of Headings<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

i \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A time when opportunities were limited<\/span><\/p>

ii \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The reasons why Ferrando\u2019s product is needed<\/span><\/p>

iii \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A no-risk solution<\/span><\/p>

iv \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Two inventions and some physical details<\/span><\/p>

v \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The contrasting views of different generations<\/span><\/p>

vi \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A disturbing experience<\/span><\/p>

vii \u00a0\u00a0The problems with replacing a consumer item<\/span><\/p>

viii \u00a0Looking back at why water was bottled<\/span><\/p><\/td>

28<\/strong>. Paragraph A<\/span><\/p>

29<\/strong>. Paragraph B<\/span><\/p>

30<\/strong>. Paragraph C<\/span><\/p>

31<\/strong>. Paragraph D<\/span><\/p>

32<\/strong>. Paragraph E<\/span><\/p>

33<\/strong>. Paragraph F<\/span><\/p>

34<\/strong>. Paragraph G<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Questions 35-37<\/strong><\/span>
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.<\/span><\/p>

35.<\/strong> What does Ferrando say about his glass water bottle?<\/span>
A. it matches his bicycle helmet,<\/span>
B. it is cheaper than a plastic bottle.<\/span>
C. He has designed it to suit all ages.<\/span>
D. He wants people to be proud to show it.<\/span><\/p>

36.<\/strong> What does the writer find fascinating about Ferrando\u2019s story?<\/span>
A. the youthfulness of his ideas<\/span>
B. the old-fashioned nature of his products<\/span>
C. the choice it is creating for consumers<\/span>
D. the change it is revealing in people\u2019s attitudes<\/span><\/p>

37.<\/strong> What does the writer suggest about Closca\u2019s bike helmet?<\/span>
A. It has both functional and artistic value.<\/span>
B. Its main appeal is to older people.<\/span>
C. It has had extraordinary success worldwide.<\/span>
D. It is a more exciting invention than the glass bottle.<\/span><\/p>

Questions 38-40<\/strong><\/span>
Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY<\/strong> from the text for each answer.<\/span><\/p>

Funding a smart invention<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>

Thirty years ago, the methods used by creators to fund their projects involved getting money from the bank or from someone in the (38<\/strong>) __________ Banks today are still a useful source of finance, but investments may also be sought from \u2018corporate social responsibility\u2019 projects. In order to get immediate funding, the method Ferrando took was to use a well-known (39<\/strong>) __________ to advertise his product and request financial support. People who gave a certain figure or over were offered a free gift. In addition, Ferrando advised his donors that his company would create bottles in two colours, followed by a (40<\/strong>) __________ bottle once they had received a more significant amount. In this way, Ferrando avoided debt and found out how many people might want his products before manufacturing them.<\/span><\/p>

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1. D<\/span>
2. B<\/span>
3. C<\/span>
4. E<\/span>
5. A<\/span>
6. B<\/span>
7. True<\/span>
8. True<\/span>
9. Not given<\/span>
10. False<\/span>
11. False<\/span>
12. False<\/span>
13. True<\/span>
14. Not given<\/span>
15. Fertilizer\/ fertilizer<\/span>
16. Animal<\/span>
17. Obstacle<\/span>
18. Aids<\/span>
19. Bending<\/span>
20. Gate<\/span>
21. Proactive<\/span>
22. Special offers<\/span>
23. Brand names<\/span>
24. Negativity<\/span>
25. Presentation<\/span>
26. Credit card<\/span>
27. Rudeness<\/span>
28. vi<\/span>
29. iv<\/span>
30. ii<\/span>
31. viii<\/span>
32. v<\/span>
33. i<\/span>
34. iii<\/span>
35. D<\/span>
36. D<\/span>
37. A<\/span>
38. Family<\/span>
39. Platform<\/span>
40. Multi(-)colored\/ multi(-)coloured<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Section 1 Read the text below and answer questions 1-6. Helping pupils to choose optional subjects when they\u2019re aged 14-15: what some pupils say A. KrishnanI\u2019m studying Spanish, because it\u2019s important to learn foreign languages \u2013 and I\u2019m very pleased when I can watch a video in class and understand it. Mr Peckham really pushes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general-reading-practice"],"yoast_head":"\nGT Cambridge 16 - 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