{"id":1333,"date":"2019-01-22T16:37:01","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T16:37:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ielts.completesuccess.in\/?p=1333"},"modified":"2020-08-10T14:36:37","modified_gmt":"2020-08-10T14:36:37","slug":"volunteers-camping-in-the-bush-condition-of-employment-writing-effective-emails-making-the-cut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ielts.completesuccess.in\/index.php\/2019\/01\/22\/volunteers-camping-in-the-bush-condition-of-employment-writing-effective-emails-making-the-cut\/","title":{"rendered":"General Reading Practice Test \u2013 38"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Section 1: Question 1-14<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Read the text below and answers questions\u00a01-14<\/strong>\u00a0on your answer sheet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

You should take around\u00a020 minutes<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0to complete this task.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

GT Reading Sample –\u00a0“Volunteers”\u00a0&\u00a0“Camping in the bush”<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Read the text below and answer Questions 1\u20137<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

VOLUNTEERS<\/strong>
Thank you for volunteering to work one-on-one with some of the students at our school who need extra help.

SMOKING POLICY<\/strong>
Smoking is prohibited by law in the classrooms and anywhere on the school grounds.

SAFETY AND HEALTH<\/strong>
Volunteers are responsible for their own personal safety and should notify the school of any preexisting medical conditions. Prescription and any other medications that you normally carry with you must be handed into the school nurse on arrival and collected on departure. If you require them, the nurse will dispense them to you in her office.

SIGN IN<\/strong>
A signing book is located at office reception. Please sign this register every time you come to the school. This is important for insurance purposes and emergency situations. After signing the book, collect a Visitor\u2019s badge from the office. This must be worn at all times when you are on school premises. Remember to return the badge afterwards.

MESSAGES<\/strong>
Teachers will communicate with volunteers via telephone, email or messages left at the office. Always ask for messages. You may communicate with teachers in the same way \u2013 the preferred method is to leave a memo in the relevant teacher\u2019s pigeonhole. These can be found at the end of the corridor in the staffroom block.

WORK HOURS<\/strong>
We understand that your time commitment is entirely voluntary and therefore flexible. If your personal schedule should change and this affects your availability, please contact the Coordinator for Volunteers at the school on extension 402; alternatively, you could drop into her office situated in F block.

ROLE OF THE COORDINATOR<\/strong>
The Coordinator is responsible for matching volunteer tutors with students, organising tutorial rooms, ensuring student attendance and overseeing volunteer tutor training. If you encounter any problems, contact her as above.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Questions 1\u20137<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text above?

In boxes 1\u20137<\/strong> on your answer sheet, write:

     TRUE<\/strong> – if the statement agrees with the information
     FALSE <\/strong>– if the statement contradicts the information
     NOT GIVEN<\/strong> – if there is no information on this

1.<\/strong>  As a volunteer, you will be helping students individually.
2. <\/strong> You may smoke in the playground.
3.<\/strong>  You cannot take any medicine while at the school.
4. <\/strong> If you forget to sign the register, you won\u2019t be insured for accidents.
5.<\/strong>  The best way of communicating with teachers is in writing.
6. <\/strong> You can choose your own hours of work.
7.<\/strong>  The coordinator keeps student attendance rolls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Read the text below and answer Questions 8\u201314<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CAMPING IN THE BUSH<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MINIMAL IMPACT <\/strong>BUSH WALKING<\/strong>
Responsible campers observe minimal impact bush walking practices. This is a code of ethics and behaviour aimed at preserving the natural beauty of bush walking areas.

PLANNING<\/strong>
Good planning is the key to safe and successful camping trips. Obtaining a camping permit in advance of leaving to camp out overnight in a national park is obligatory. Bookings are also compulsory for some parks. There could be limits on group sizes in some parks. Occasionally campsites may be closed owing to bush-fire danger or for other reasons. Always obtain permission from the owner prior to crossing private property.

EQUIPMENT<\/strong>
As well as your usual bush walking gear, you will need the right equipment for camping. A fuel stove and fuel for cooking is essential: not only is it safer, faster and cleaner; but it is easier to use in wet weather. It is recommended that you pitch a freestanding tent which requires few pegs and therefore has less eco-logical impact. Take a sleeping mat, if you have one, to put your sleeping bag on for a more comfortable night\u2019s sleep. You will also need a hand trowel to bury human waste \u2013 for proper sanitation and hygiene.

CAMPFIRES<\/strong>
The traditional campfire actually causes a huge amount of environmental damage. If you gather firewood, you are removing the vital habitat of insects, reptiles, birds and small mammals. When campfires lead to bush-fires, they create enormous danger to native bush inhabitants and bush-walkers alike and result in destruction of the environment. Under no circumstances should you light a fire in the bush.

CAMPSITES<\/strong>
Erect your tent at an existing site if possible; otherwise try to find a spot where you won\u2019t damage vegetation. Never cut branches or move rocks or disturb the soil unnecessarily. Aim to leave your campsite as you found it or even cleaner.

RUBBISH<\/strong>
Remove all rubbish \u2013 carry it out with you. Don\u2019t attempt to burn or bury rubbish because this creates a fire hazard and\/or disturbs the soil. Animals can dig up buried rubbish and scatter it about. Never feed the local wildlife \u2013 carry out all food scraps as these disturb the natural nutrient balance and can create weed problems.

WALK SAFELY<\/strong>
Keep on the track. Wear footwear suitable for the terrain. Take a map.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Questions 8\u201314<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The passage refers to three ways in which campers should behave.
Classify the following behaviours as something that campers
\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A must do
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B may do
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C must not do<\/strong>

Write the correct letter\u00a0A, B<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0C<\/strong>, in boxes\u00a08\u201314<\/strong>\u00a0on your answer sheet.<\/em>

8.<\/strong>\u00a0get the landowner\u2019s consent before walking across his land
9.\u00a0<\/strong>Use a sleeping mat
10.<\/strong>\u00a0Make a campfire in the bush
11.<\/strong>\u00a0Feed the birds
12.\u00a0<\/strong>Use a freestanding tent
13.\u00a0<\/strong>Dig a hole to bury rubbish in
14.\u00a0<\/strong>Get authorisation before setting out to camp in a national park<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Section 2: Question 15-27<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Read the text below and answers questions 15-27<\/strong> on your answer sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You should take around 20 minutes<\/strong><\/em> to complete this task.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

“Condition of Employment”\u00a0&\u00a0“Writing effective Emails”<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Read the text below and answer Questions 15\u201321<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Weekly hours of work<\/strong> \u2013 40 hours per week at the ordinary hourly rate of pay for most full-time employees, plus reasonable additional hours (penalty rates apply). Part-time employees work a regular number of hours and days each week, but fewer hours than full-time workers. Casual employees are employed on an hourly or daily basis.

Entitlements (full-time employees):

Parental leave<\/strong> \u2013 up to 12 months\u2019 unpaid leave for maternity, paternity and adoption related leave.

Sick leave<\/strong> \u2013 up to 10 days\u2019 paid sick leave per year; more than 4 continuous days requires a medical certificate.

Annual leave <\/strong>\u2013 4 weeks\u2019 paid leave per annum, plus an additional week for night shift workers.

Public holidays <\/strong>\u2013 a paid day off on a public holiday, except where reasonably requested to work. Employees working on public holidays are entitled to 15% above their normal hourly rate.

Notice of termination<\/strong> \u2013 2 weeks\u2019 notice of termination (3 weeks if the employee is more than 55 years old and has at least 2 years of continuous service)

Note:<\/strong>
The entitlements you receive will depend on whether you are employed on a full-time, part-time or casual basis.

If you work part-time, you should receive all the entitlements of a full-time employee but on a prorata or proportional basis.

If you are a casual worker, you do not have rights to any of the above entitlements nor penalty payments. Casual workers have no guarantee of hours to be worked and they do not have to be given advance notice of termination.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Questions 15\u201321<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?

In boxes 15\u201321<\/strong> on your answer sheet write:

    TRUE<\/strong> – if the statement agrees with the information
    FALSE<\/strong> – if the statement contradicts the information
    NOT GIVEN<\/strong> – if there is no information on this

15.<\/strong>  Part-time workers are entitled to a higher rate of pay if they work more than their usual number of hours per week.
16.<\/strong> Casual workers may be hired by the hour or by the day.
17.<\/strong> A full-timer who takes a year off to have a baby can return to the same employer.
18.<\/strong> A full-time worker needs a doctor\u2019s note if he is sick for 4 days in a row.
19. <\/strong>A full-time night-shift worker is entitled to 5 weeks\u2019 paid holiday each year.
20.<\/strong> Any workers over 55 are entitled to 3 weeks\u2019 notice of termination.
21.<\/strong> Casual workers can be dismissed without notice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

WRITING EFFECTIVE EMAILS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Follow these simple rules to make a positive impression and get an appropriate response.

A.<\/strong>
Like a headline in a newspaper: it should grab the recipient\u2019s attention and specify what the message is about \u2013 use a few well-chosen words. If the email is one of a series e.g. a weekly newsletter, include the date in the subject line. Never leave it blank.

B.<\/strong>
If you need to email someone about several different issues, write a separate email for each subject. This allows the recipient to reply to each one individually in a timely manner. For instance, one subject might be dealt with quickly while another could involve some research. If you have several related points, put them all in the same email but present each point in a numbered or bulleted paragraph.

C.<\/strong>
Your email should be clear and concise. Sentences should be short and to the point. The purpose of the message should be outlined in the first paragraph and the body should contain all of the relevant information.

D.<\/strong>
Be sure to include a \u2018call to action\u2019 \u2013 a phone call or a follow-up appointment perhaps. To ensure a prompt reply, incorporate your contact information \u2013 name, title, company, phone\/fax numbers or extensions, even your business address if necessary. Even internal messages must have contact information.

E.<\/strong>
Emails, even internal ones, should not be too informal \u2013 after all, they are written forms of communication. Use your spell-check and avoid slang.

F.<\/strong>
Only use this technique for very short messages or reminders where all the relevant information can fit in the subject line. Write EOM at the end of the line to indicate that the recipient doesn\u2019t have to open the email.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read the text above <\/strong>and answer\u00a0Questions 22\u201327<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Questions 22\u201327<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The text on the next page has six sections,\u00a0A\u2013F<\/strong>.
Choose the correct heading for each section,\u00a0A\u2013F<\/strong>, from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number,\u00a0i\u2013x<\/strong>, in boxes\u00a022\u201327<\/strong>\u00a0on your answer sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

List of Headings<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

i. Written communication
ii. Clarity
iii. Style
iv. Research
v. End of message
vi. One point per email
vii. Relevance
viii. Specify the response you want
ix. The subject line
x. Internal emails<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
  1. Section A<\/strong><\/li>
  2. Section B<\/strong><\/li>
  3. Section C<\/strong><\/li>
  4. Section D<\/strong><\/li>
  5. Section E<\/strong><\/li>
  6. Section F<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Section 3: Question 28-40<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Read the text below and answers questions\u00a028-40<\/strong>\u00a0on your answer sheet. You should take around\u00a020 minutes<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0to complete this task.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n
    \n

    MAKING THE CUT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    When we talk about how films convey meaning we tend to refer to acting, music, dialogue, props and narrative developments, but often forgotten is the visual essence of a film itself, which is the cutting together of moving images \u2013 \u201cmotion pictures\u201d \u2013 each one carefully tailored to meet a particular need or purpose.

    Most films and many important scenes within them open with an establishing shot. Typically this shot precedes our introduction to the main characters by presenting us with the locale in which the scene\u2019s action or dialogue is about to occur. Occasionally, however, a director will use an establishing shot with another goal in mind. An opening view of a thousand soldiers parading in synchronized fashion might have little to reveal about the film\u2019s geography, for example, but it does inform the audience that ideas about discipline and conformity are likely to arise in the material that follows. In this way, establishing shots can also introduce a film\u2019s theme.

    After an establishing shot, most directors choose a long shot in order to progress the narrative. This type of shot displays the entire human physique in relation to its surroundings, so it is ideal for bridging the narrative divide between location and so it is ideal for bridging the narrative divide between location and individual activity. A long shot is therefore often used to centre on a pivotal character in the scene. A film might begin with an establishing shot of bleak, snowy mountains and then cut to a long shot of a lone skier, for example, or a sweeping panorama of a bustling metropolis could segue into a street view of someone entering a building.

    From here the door is wide open for directors to choose whichever shots will enhance the narration. Closeup shots are popular in suspense sequences \u2013 a handgun being loaded, a doorknob being turned, the startled expression of someone freshly roused from sleep. Confining the visual field in this way adds to the viewer\u2019s apprehension. Dramatic films will probably want to emphasise character interaction. The third-person shot \u2013 in which a third of the frame consists of a rear view of a person\u2019s upper torso and head \u2013 can be effectively utilised here. This shot encourages us to actually slip into the persona of that character, and vicariously live through their experiences.

    A number of special purpose shots are used quite rarely \u2013 once, if at all, in most films. One such type is the money shot. A money shot has no specific technical features or content, but is typically the most expensive element of a film\u2019s production values and comes with a cost massively disproportionate to its screen time (which may be limited to just a brief glimpse). Because of its spectacular, extravagant nature, however, the money shot is a major revenue generator and is widely exploited for use in promotional materials. Money shots are most popular amongst \u2013 but not limited to \u2013 high visual impact genres such as action, war, thriller and disaster films.

    But more affordable shots can also add an interesting twist to the story. The Dutch tilt can depict a character in a state of psychological unease by shooting them from a jaunty angle. In this way, they appear literally and metaphorically unbalanced. A trunk shot often shows a small group of characters peering into the trunk of a vehicle. It is filmed from a perspective within the trunk itself, although frequently to avoid camera damage directors will simply place a detached piece of trunk door in the corner of the frame. This shot was a favourite of Quentin Tarantino and has been used in many crime and gangster films, often as a first-person shot through the eyes of someone who is tied up and lying inside the vehicle. A shot that has gained traction in avantgarde circles is the extreme closeup. This is when a single detail of the subject fills up the entire frame. Alfred Hitchcock famously used an extreme closeup in \u2018Psycho\u2019, when he merged a shot of a shower drain into a view of a victim\u2019s eye. It has also been used in Westerns to depict tension between duelling gunmen eyeing each other up before a shoot out.

    Not all types of shots are used in order to enhance the narrative. Sometimes financial restrictions or technical limitations are a more pressing concern, especially for low-budget filmmakers. In the early murder mysteries of the 1920s and 1930s, the American shot \u2013 which acquired its name from French critics who referred to a \u201cplan am\u00e9ricain\u201d \u2013 was used widely for its ability to present complex dialogue scenes without alterations in camera position. Using the American shot, directors have their cast assemble in single file while discussing key plot points. The result is an efficiently produced scene that conveys all relevant information, but the trade-off is a natural tone. Because few people in real life would ever associate in such an awkward manner, American shots tend to result in a hammy, stiff feel to the production.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    Questions 28\u201333<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Look at the following descriptions (Questions 28\u201333<\/strong>) and the list of terms below.
    Match each description with the correct term, A\u2013J<\/strong>.
    Write the correct letter, A\u2013J<\/strong>, in boxes 28\u201333<\/strong> on your answer sheet.<\/em>

    28.<\/strong> A group of people, full length body shot.
    29.<\/strong> Two people, only one facing camera, head and shoulders shot.
    30. <\/strong>Distance shot of central city, from the air.
    31.<\/strong> A single person, head and shoulders, off-centre angle shot.
    32.<\/strong> Lone pedestrian, walking a city street.
    33.<\/strong> A flaming bus, about to crash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    List of Terms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A. Trunk shot
    B. Dutch tilt
    C. Establishing shot
    D. Money shot
    E. American shot
    F. Long shot
    G. Extreme close-up
    H. Third-person shot
    I. First-person shot
    J. Close-up<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Questions 34\u201337<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Answer the questions below:
    Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS<\/strong> from the passage for each answer.
    Write your answers in boxes 34\u201337<\/strong> on your answer sheet.

    34.<\/strong> Which TWO aspects of story can be shown with an establishing shot?
    35.<\/strong> What does a long shot focus our attention on?
    36. <\/strong>What do closeups restrict in order to make audiences nervous?
    37.<\/strong> What does a third-person shot place importance on?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Questions 38\u201340<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Complete the summary below.
    Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS<\/strong> from the text for each answer.

    Some shots are not used very often. Money shots have a high 38 ………………<\/strong>. considering that they only last for a few seconds. The money shot brings in a lot of money, however, and is an important part of the film\u2019s 39 ……………….<\/strong> . Other, less expensive shots can still be fascinating: a character can be made to seem 40 ………………<\/strong>. in both mind and body when filmed with a Dutch tilt, for instance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\nAnswer & Explanation<\/span>

    \n1. True
    \n2. False
    \n3. False
    \n4. Not Given
    \n5. True
    \n6. True
    \n7. True
    \n8. A
    \n9. B
    \n10. C
    \n11. C
    \n12. B
    \n13. C
    \n14. A
    \n15. NOT GIVEN
    \n16. TRUE
    \n17. TRUE
    \n18. FALSE
    \n19. TRUE
    \n20. FALSE
    \n21. TRUE
    \n22. ix
    \n23. vi
    \n24. ii
    \n25. viii
    \n26. iii
    \n27. v
    \n28. E
    \n29. H
    \n30. C
    \n31. B
    \n32. F
    \n33. D
    \n34. Locale (and) theme (in either order; both required for one mark)
    \n35. (a) pivotal character I individual activity
    \n36. (the) visual field
    \n37. Character interaction
    \n38. cost
    \n39. promotional materials
    \n40. unbalanced
    \n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Section 1: Question 1-14 Read the text below and answers questions\u00a01-14\u00a0on your answer sheet. You should take around\u00a020 minutes\u00a0to complete this task. GT Reading Sample –\u00a0“Volunteers”\u00a0&\u00a0“Camping in the bush” Read the text below and answer Questions 1\u20137. VOLUNTEERSThank you for volunteering to work one-on-one with some of the students at our school who need extra help. 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